Statements
In C, statements are the building blocks of a program. They perform actions and can control the flow of execution. Here’s an overview of different types of statements in C:
1. Expression Statements
These are the most basic statements and typically involve variable assignments, function calls, or any expressions that perform an action.
x = 5; // Assignment statement
printf(“Hello, World!\n”); // Function call
2. Compound Statements
Also known as blocks, these group multiple statements together. They are enclosed in curly braces {}.
{
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
printf(“Sum: %d\n”, a + b);
}
Selection Statements
These allow for decision-making in your code. The most common are if, else, and switch.
- If Statement:
if (x > 0) {
printf("x is positive.\n");
} else {
printf("x is non-positive.\n");
}
- Switch Statement:
switch (day){
case 1:
printf("Monday\n"); break;
case 2:
printf("Tuesday\n"); break;
default:
printf("Other day\n");
}
4. Iteration Statements
These enable looping. The most common loops are for, while, and do while.
- For Loop:
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("%d\n", i);}
- While Loop:
int i = 0;while (i < 5) {
printf("%d\n", i); i++;
}
- Do While Loop:
int i = 0;do {
printf("%d\n", i);
i++;
} while (i < 5);
5. Jump Statements
These alter the flow of control in the program. Common jump statements include break, continue, and return.
- Break Statement: Exits a loop or switch statement.
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i == 5) break; // Exit the loop when i is 5
}
- Continue Statement: Skips the current iteration of a loop and continues with the next iteration.
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i % 2 == 0) continue; // Skip even numbers
printf("%d\n", i); // Print odd numbers
}
- Return Statement: Exits a function and can return a value.
int sum(int a, int b) {
return a + b; // Return the sum
}